Requirement of Protocol Biopsy Before and After Complete Cessation of Immunosuppression After Liver Transplantation

Immunosuppression after Liver Transplantation

Liver Biopsy After Liver Transplantation

Role of Liver Biopsy After Liver Transplantation

Assessment of liver histology following orthotopic liver transplantation is an essential component of management in the transplant recipient. Most programs recommend liver biopsies when there are changes in the patient’s status or biochemical tests. The use of protocol allograft biopsies, that is in asymptomatic recipients with normal or near-normal liver tests, is controversial. Considerations...

Towards Steroid-Free Immunosuppression after Liver Transplantation

The deleterious long-term side effects and metabolic complications of corticosteroids have inspired initial clinical investigation of corticosteroid withdrawal and avoidance protocols in liver transplantation. The original studies in the 1990s focused on the safety of steroid withdrawal in patients without hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC). 1,2 Subsequent clinical trials suggested noninferiority ...

on translation of politeness strategies in dialogues involving female characters in translations and retranslations of novels translated before and after the islamic revolution of iran and their effects on the image of women: a polysystem theory approach

abstract reception environment has considerable effects on accepting a translation. as the expectations of a target culture and its values and needs change throughout history, its criteria for accepting a translation or rejecting it will change accordingly (gentzler, 2001). the expectations of iran, as the reception environment in the present study, have changed after the islamic revolution. i...